While they suffered more during conflicts, famines, and plagues, the diverse composition of the popolani made it difficult for them to unite around common grievances. Additionally, Venice’s stable governance and potential for social mobility left them better off than those in neighboring city-states and empires. As a result, though commoners were

The final electors deliberated and voted on the doge, who required a minimum of 25 votes to win.The process combined the impartiality of lotteries with the selectivity of voting, minimizing the chance for corruption while ensuring the legitimacy of decisions through broad consensus. The often weeks-long change broke the families’ duopoly, and ens

“For many years now, we have seen that there has been some hesitance in the investor environment to engage in high-risk, long-term projects. We only have one American-owned license at the moment. In comparison, we have 23 from copyright, 23 from the U.K. and about 10 from Denmark. So, it’s not an area where you see a lot of U.S. engagement as o

Secondly, supply chain challenges will continue to impact the global energy market. Over the past year, as global demand for energy has surged, not only in traditional oil and gas sectors but also in the low-carbon energy industry, energy supply chains have faced significant challenges. In the oil and gas industry, both buyers and suppliers have be

In the near term, a constellation of risks could further exacerbate these divergences. European economies could slow more than anticipated, especially if investors grow more concerned about public debt sustainability in more vulnerable countries. The main risk is that euro area monetary and fiscal policy could simultaneously run out of room if weak